StayCurrentMD · Ovarian Teratoma - Ovarian Torsion - Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Update Course 2015
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Video34 min·Published Nov 2018Older

Ovarian Teratoma - Ovarian Torsion - Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Update Course 2015

With Dr. Andrea Hayes-Jordan · hosted by Dr. Todd Ponsky
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What the experts said37 expert statements · 1 host summary
80% of ovarian masses are teratomas
EpidemiologicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
In the year 2000, girls with ovarian germ cell tumors have almost 100% survival
EpidemiologicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Stage one ovarian tumors limited to the ovary now receive only oophorectomy without chemotherapy
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Microscopic residual and lymph node involvement in ovarian tumors require chemotherapy
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
25% of girls with ovarian germ cell tumors will be missed if peritoneal cytology and washings are not performed
EpidemiologicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
If staging procedures are omitted from the operative report, oncologists will treat ovarian tumors as stage 2
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Gliomatosis peritonei is a benign disease appearance associated with ovarian teratomas with nearly 100% survival
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
In bilateral ovarian disease, tumors larger than 10 cm should definitely be biopsied
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
If an ovarian tumor is ruptured during laparoscopic removal, the patient is committed to chemotherapy including platinum
ClinicalDan
15% of ovarian tumors in adolescents are epithelial tumors with different staging criteria than germ cell tumors
EpidemiologicalDan
If alpha-fetoprotein and beta-HCG levels are normal preoperatively, there is some comfort about draining a cyst without contamination
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
The salvage rate for recurrent ovarian germ cell tumors is almost 100% because chemotherapy is very effective
ClinicalDan
Ovarian torsion is an urgent but not emergent situation if the goal is to preserve the ovary
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Many black-colored ovaries from torsion have viable follicles and ovarian preservation should be the goal
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
76% of ovaries removed for torsion had normal ovarian tissue, only 13% had no ovarian tissue, and only 11% were completely necrotic
EpidemiologicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Pain after oophoropexy is usually short-lived and resolves in about a week
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
The ability to preserve ovarian function after torsion is related to age, with pediatric patients having more active follicles than older adults
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Ultrasound Doppler for ovarian torsion has sensitivity and specificity in the 50-60% range
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Half of soft tissue sarcomas are rhabdomyosarcomas and half are non-rhabdo sarcomas
EpidemiologicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Abdominal, pelvic, and retroperitoneal rhabdomyosarcomas have the worst survival while orbital rhabdomyosarcomas have the best survival
EpidemiologicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Even small tumors in the extremity or abdomen can only achieve stage 2 at best (not stage 1) in rhabdomyosarcoma staging
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Surgical extent determines clinical group in rhabdomyosarcoma: group 1 is complete resection, group 2 is microscopic residual, group 3 is biopsy only
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Group 1 and 2 rhabdomyosarcoma patients have excellent prognosis while group 3 patients do more poorly
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Inability to resect a large rhabdomyosarcoma is a biologic determination, not a reflection of surgical skill, and aggressive resection with high morbidity will not improve outcome
OpinionAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is now required for all trunk and extremity rhabdomyosarcomas
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
For rhabdomyosarcoma, completion node dissection is not performed for positive sentinel nodes; radiation therapy is given instead
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Sentinel lymph node mapping for rhabdomyosarcoma should be performed at the time of re-excision if initial excisional biopsy had positive margins
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
40-50% of biopsied lymph nodes are positive in rhabdomyosarcoma, and clinically negative nodes may also be positive
EpidemiologicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Histologic grade is now critical in non-rhabdo soft tissue sarcomas, not just the diagnosis
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Low-grade soft tissue sarcomas require only resection with observation, no chemotherapy or radiation
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Low-grade soft tissue sarcomas with positive margins receive adjuvant radiation therapy
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Unresectable soft tissue sarcomas should receive both preoperative radiation and chemotherapy (previously only chemotherapy was recommended)
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Chemotherapy-sensitive soft tissue sarcomas include synovial sarcoma and undifferentiated sarcoma
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Chemotherapy-insensitive soft tissue sarcomas include alveolar soft part sarcoma, malignant epithelioid sarcoma, and clear cell sarcoma, which are primarily treated with surgery and radiation
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
A 5 cm tumor in a child less than 3 years old is equivalent to a 3 cm tumor in a larger patient, so 3 cm should be the cutoff for excision versus biopsy in toddlers
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Low-grade non-rhabdo sarcomas with negative margins can be cured with surgery alone without chemotherapy
ClinicalAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Core needle biopsies are acceptable for soft tissue sarcomas if 3-4 good non-necrotic cores are obtained
GuidelineAndrea Hayes-Jordan
Blood flow on ultrasound does not exclude torsion because the ovary may be twisted but not completely occluded at that moment in time
Host summaryTodd Ponsky summarizing the discussion · not cited in answers